各标准体系中工、槽型钢的差别：

　　The differences between the structural steel and groove steel in various standard systems:

　　工字钢、槽钢、角钢是世界上比较老的结构用型钢类型，欧、美、英和我国的标准里都有这三类热轧型钢，但是却有不同的外形要求和规格尺寸，就算是名义腰高腰厚、腿宽腿厚一样，也不一定能互换，因为内侧壁斜度不一样，所以，如果有外标询单来时，不要只查看几个国标尺寸参数就接单。我们来看看各中标准中工字钢、槽钢的内侧壁斜度：欧标中的IPN系列工字钢，内侧壁斜度14%，如下图：UPN系列槽钢内侧壁斜度分两种情况，腰高小于等于300mm的，斜度为8%，大于300mm的，斜度为5%，外形如下图：值得注意的是，欧标中还有直腿槽钢，内侧壁无斜度，如UAP和UPE系列。英标中，CH系列槽钢是直腿槽钢，无斜度。工字钢的J系列的内侧壁斜度为8度，如下图：美标的工字钢和槽钢的内侧壁斜度为(16+2/3)%，外观与其他标准相似，这里就不再附加图片展示。国标的工字钢内侧壁斜度1：6，而槽钢的为1:10。看完上诉标准中内侧壁斜度要求，是不是觉得，槽钢、工字钢很乱？所以签合同要先了解标准，要清楚各项要求。有个别做国际贸易的朋友在型钢上，因为只看简单参数而最终交不了货，导致赔钱的也很多。做型钢贸易要小心，有钱都不一定能买到货，为什么买不到货呢？因为国外有的型钢已经不再生产了，而工程设计师还不知道，设计上应用了该类型钢。

　　I-beams, channel steels, and angle steels are the oldest types of structural steel in the world. These three types of hot-rolled steel are included in the standards of Europe, the United States, the United Kingdom, and China, but they have different external requirements and specifications. Even if the nominal waist height, waist thickness, leg width, and leg thickness are the same, they may not be interchangeable because the inner wall slope is different. Therefore, if there is an external standard inquiry, do not just check a few national standard size parameters and accept the order. Let's take a look at the inner wall slope of I-beams and channel steels in various standards: the IPN series I-beams in the European standard have an inner wall slope of 14%, as shown in the figure below. The inner wall slope of the UPN series channel steels can be divided into two types: those with a waist height of less than or equal to 300mm have a slope of 8%, and those with a waist height greater than 300mm have a slope of 5%, as shown in the figure below. It is worth noting that the European standard also includes straight leg channel steels with no slope on the inner wall, such as the UAP and UPE series. In the British standard, CH series channel steel is a straight leg channel steel with no slope. The inner wall slope of the J series of I-beams is 8 degrees, as shown in the following figure: the inner wall slope of American standard I-beams and channel steels is (16+2/3)%, and the appearance is similar to other standards. Therefore, no additional pictures will be attached here for display. The slope of the inner wall of the I-beam in the national standard is 1:6, while that of the channel steel is 1:10. After reading the requirements for the slope of the inner wall in the appeal standard, do you think that the channel steel and I-beam are very messy? So when signing a contract, you need to first understand the standards and be clear about all the requirements. Some friends who engage in international trade have lost a lot of money on steel sections because they only look at simple parameters and ultimately cannot deliver the goods. Be careful when trading steel, even if you have money, you may not be able to buy goods. Why can't you buy goods? Because some types of steel are no longer produced abroad, and engineering designers are not yet aware, this type of steel has been applied in design.

　　工槽角三类型钢的用途和牌号：

　　The purpose and grade of three types of steel for groove corners:

　　工字钢用途：工字钢在钢结构中常用于做梁，因为它抗弯性比较好，但在H型钢推广使用以后工字钢使用逐渐褪去，不过有一类行业却对工字钢需求不减，就是单梁行车或者葫芦吊生产制造业，规格常用工30T，牌号常用Q235B、345B。工字钢国内最大规格能做到工63，当然再大也能做，但是市场需求没有，所以没开发。

　　Application of I-beams: I-beams are commonly used in steel structures to make beams because they have good bending resistance. However, after the promotion and use of H-beams, the use of I-beams has gradually faded away. However, there is a type of industry that does not reduce the demand for I-beams, which is the production and manufacturing of single beam cranes or hoist cranes. The specifications are commonly 30T, and the grades are commonly Q235B and 345B. The largest specification of I-beam steel in China can reach 63, of course, even the largest can be made, but there is no market demand, so it has not been developed.

　　槽钢的用途：槽钢在很多钢结构中被使用，部分还用于集装箱、造船、商用车等。由于近几年冷弯型钢的发展，热轧槽钢也是受到了很大冲击。多数企业转向生产超厚、超大规格、特殊用途的槽钢。

　　The use of channel steel: Channel steel is used in many steel structures, and some are also used in containers, shipbuilding, commercial vehicles, etc. Due to the development of cold-formed steel in recent years, hot-rolled channel steel has also been greatly impacted. Most enterprises have turned to producing ultra thick, oversized, and special-purpose channel steel.

　　角钢的用途：角钢也和槽钢一样由于形状比较简单，冷弯容易实现，板材的价格低，冷弯产品价格、生产、品种、牌号上都比热轧要有更大优势，所以热轧产品逐渐消退。不过特大特厚的角钢还是需要热轧，比如高压输变电铁塔用的角钢，最大能做到25号，其单边宽度250mm，变厚度能达到35mm，这类型钢冷弯设备能力弯曲不了，而且R角容易开裂。

　　The use of angle steel: Like channel steel, angle steel is also easy to achieve cold bending due to its simple shape. The price of the plate is low, and cold bending products have greater advantages in price, production, variety, and grade compared to hot rolling. Therefore, hot rolling products are gradually declining. However, extra large and thick angle steel still needs to be hot-rolled, such as the angle steel used for high-voltage transmission and transformation towers, which can reach a maximum size of 25, with a single-sided width of 250mm and a variable thickness of 35mm. This type of steel cold bending equipment cannot bend it, and the R angle is prone to cracking.

　　牌号：常见或可以生产的工槽角的牌号和H型钢类似，本文不再赘述，需要查看的请参看历史文章热轧型钢产品介绍-H型钢。

　　Grade: The common or producible grades of groove angles are similar to H-beams, which will not be repeated in this article. For more information, please refer to the historical article Hot Rolled Steel Product Introduction - H-beams.

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